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The urgency in adopting preventive and restrictive measures was related to the closed nature of the prison setting which increases the risk of infections. The preventive and containment measures applied in prison (described below) were taken before the publication of Europe’s Regional WHO Office’s guidance: “preparedness, prevention and control of COVID-19 in prisons and other places of detention”, published on 15 March 2020 ( WHO, 2020). On the same day, total cases in Italy were 7,243, which at the time accounted for almost 60% of the total cases in Europe (12,226) and 23% of the cases worldwide (31,303) ( ECDC, 2020).įollowing the rapid increase of COVID-19 infections, the Italian Government promptly intervened with preventive and containment measures throughout the country, including prisons. A total of 267 people had died (a further increase of 113) with 4,189 total cases (an increase of 769) ( Protezione Civile, 2020). On 8 March 2020, the Civil Protection Department in Lombardy declared the presence of 3,372 positive cases of COVID-19, an increase of 630 compared to the previous day. Afterwards, on 11 March, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. Since the end of February 2020, Italy (especially the Lombardy region) has witnessed the rapid spread of COVID-19.

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